Bee Standard Library

Standard Library

Standard library contains:

• Type system
• Mathematics
• System library

Data rules

Introspection Rules

Bee Type System

Composite Types

List & strings Type

Numeric Type

Date Time

Modules for date and time will contain all required rules.

time

date

Error Type

Bee has pre-defined Error objects. Code allocation follows the system standard (spec/14 §5):

• 1 .. 199 : System Reserved Standard Error Codes (I/O, network, allocation).
• 200 .. 9999 : User / Application business-domain error codes.
• ≤ -1 : Unrecoverable hard hardware / memory-security panic.

Errors are surfaced through the global system variable $error:

-- global type
type SystemError: {code ∈ Z, message ∈ S} <: Object;

-- exception objects
$zero_division  := {100,"division by zero"}     ∈ Error;
$null_reference := {101,"null reference usage"} ∈ Error;
$value_overflow := {102,"value overflow"}       ∈ Error;
$out_of_range   := {103,"value out of range"}   ∈ Error;
$type_mismatch  := {104,"data type mismatch"}   ∈ Error;
$user_error     := {200,"user defined error"}   ∈ Error;
...
-- Standard error
$standard_error  := {1,"standard error"}    ∈ Error;
$unexpected_error:= {2,"unexpected error"}  ∈ Error;

Mathematic Rules

Math library will implement extra rules that are not available until you import "math" library. These are functions you rarely use and require extra memory space to be available in your program.

System Library

Interaction with operating system require load from library.

+-------------------------
\bee
  |
  |-- system
  |     |-- io.bee
  |
  |-- db
  ...
-------------------------+

File IO

To read and write files and save to disk, we import the $bee.sys.io namespace (spec/14 §4). This namespace defines the opaque file-handle type F and directory operations:

use $bee.sys.io as IO;

-- check existence, then create a folder
if IO.Folder.exist("data") = false then
  apply IO.Folder.create("data");
done;

-- open a file handle in write mode ("r", "w", "a", "rw")
new file_handle := IO.File.open("data/output.txt", "w");
apply IO.File.write(file_handle, "Hello, Bee Compiler!");
apply IO.File.close(file_handle);

-- list a directory into a List of string paths
new file_list := IO.Folder.list("data/");

rules

Next is a fragment from system.io library that define rules open and close.

rule .open(name ∈ S, mode ∈ A) => (file ∈ File);
rule .close(file ∈ File);
rule .list(folder ∈ Folder) ∈ (S);
rule .exist(name ∈ S) ∈ B;
rule ,delete(name ∈ S);
rule ,rename(name, new_name ∈ S);
...

remember: public rules start with dot: "."

File IO

System IO rules

Two data types must be available: File, Folder

File rules

• clean -- erase all data in the file
• flush -- save file buffer to disk
• change -- modify file attributes

Folder rules

• select -- select this folder as working folder
• purge -- remove all files from folder
• change -- modify folder attributes

Making files/folders

new file_name   := IO.File.open("name", "w");
new folder_name := IO.Folder.create("name");

The system namespace hierarchy also exposes $bee.sys.math, $bee.sys.string, $bee.sys.time, and $bee.sys.env (spec/14 §1).

Go back to: Bee Index

Diagnostic error codes

Diagnostic codes raised by the Library module (spec/14 §7):